نشریه اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری
سال چهارم شماره 16 (زمستان 1391)

Growing population and overgrown cities، lack of appropriate consumption model، increase of advertisement and development of plastic packing are among the main problems of urbanism and management of solid waste material. Today، engineering and managing the waste is considered as one of the developed sciences throughout the world and is the inseparable component of urban management. The waste management is related to the factors such as production، collection، transportation، dumping and recycling which would necessitate the cooperation of several institutions to proceed correctly and to actualize sustainable development. Managing this mechanism is not only impossible by applying traditional methods but also the executive management is not suitable as well. Therefore، there is no way to implement it except for strategic management. Also، reducing pollutions، recycling and re-using wastes، producing environmentally friendly products، increasing the durability of raw materials and reducing wastes are justifiable and considerable in macroeconomic aspects which would often result in growth of economical efficiency of families، industrial sections، and various layers of societies. What is of importance and would result in profitability is the financing approach or the primary investment for the accomplishment of these projects. The important point in financing the solid waste material projects is by reaching cost reduction through the application of applied management which would provide the proper bases to attract the required financial resources. Gaining energy and producing electricity and gas، availability of facilities and equipments for recycling and producing compost are all among the approaches which involve reduction in costs and creating revenue resources. In the recent article، which is descriptive- analytic، method-wise and applied، purpose-wise، via utilizing the literature on the related researches، books and articles، attempts are made to explain waste management in municipalities، financing methods of the mentioned management، the resultant cost reduction in municipalities، and ultimately the effect of waste management on financing and cost reduction of Tehran municipalities.

Metropolises play crucial roles in economic development, global competitiveness and creating wealth and welfare for the people in the society as well. Nowadays, the responsibilities of urban management in the cities are not confined only to presenting services to the residents, but financing the cities’ projects especially metropolises are also of their essential undertakings.Achieving of increasing sustainable revenues of municipalities would require capitalizing and financing for fundamental and basic projects and plans to provide services the citizens and upgrade their life standards. The goal is not accessible except for global-regional network connection and managers’ effort to promote their cities in the global metropolitan network. Therefore, urban managers are able to make the most of available opportunities to compete with other cities in the global network and to develop their own cities and ultimately, to achieve the maximum economic profits for advancing the cities.The current article is descriptive-analytical, method-wise. The date has been collected through different library resources including books, articles, theses, journals, authenticated web pages and scientific centers. The paper investigates into the positive effects of joining Tehran metropolis to the global-regional network and its role in the economic prosperity of the country, and consequently increasing the sustainable revenue of municipalities. The results imply that presenting Tehran as a global city based on its development vision plan, in the form of attracting foreign investors and multinational companies is effective in the future status of this city in the hierarchy of global network and can turn it into an effective global city in the national economy which would represent Islamic- Iranian culture.

Municipalities as public organizations have a vast relationship with citizens، engaging in many types of activities in different fields. The wide range of activities and responsibilities constructs such a large organizational chart that requires a proper planning and the strong supervision in order to prevent parallel work، higher productivity and reduction of the organizational costs. Municipalities should act upon cost reduction، the consideration of intelligent management and public participation for cost reduction so as to facilitate their development and maintenance. There are different ways to reduce the municipalities cost. However، according to the planning principals، before any procedures، we have to formulate the phases for reducing the costs، like understanding the condition of the organization، current situational analysis، and proposing a cost reduction schedule. Having this methodical outlook، we could analyze all the divisions and activities of the municipality. Then، it is possible to reconstitute each division and activity according to the principle of organizational cost reduction. The result would be an organization that has minimum parallel or duplicate work، much better usage of sources and the tremendous reduction of the overall organization costs. In this article which is descriptive-review، dimensions and different conventional methods regarding the reduction of the organizational costs and methods that are in agreement with specific situation of municipality have been identified. For the final part، there is an example of the mentioned methods for reducing the organizational costs in Tehran Municipality.

In many countries of the world، municipalities are in the place of local governments، making decisions and performing many of cultural، social، and economical aspects of the cities with the aim of financial decentralization of central government has been transferred to municipalities. Municipalities need financing to provide the current expenditures، developmental projects and infrastructure operations costs. The more independent the municipalities are in providing resources for their revenues and more self-sufficient in providing the required financial resources، the more they would be stable financially. On the other hand، one of the main factors regarding social and financial development of a city is the role and active presence of residents in managing the city. Urban managers can accomplish their superior goal of urban sustainable development through the company and participation of the residents. In other words، there is a strong relation between accomplishment of the goals and participation of the residents meaning if a program does not attract the people participation، it will not be accomplished. This research in regards of purpose is practical and descriptive in nature. Library research method is used to collect data. The results indicate the fact that issuance of municipalities bonds and capital attraction are appropriate choices to finance urban projects and it is only possible through public participation.